The surface ultrastructure (achene sculpture) of fruits of 12 species of the genus Pilosella in the Crimean flora was studied using SEM. Both common (tumulose surface on the costal region; hooks on the apical ends of exocarp cells, wrinkled surface of the cells; globular structures  — micropapillae, achene tip with beak-like outgrowths) and specific characters of the achene ultrastructure of the studied species have been revealed. Most of them are additional diagnostic characters at the sectional level: length to width ratio of exocarp, the shape of hook tips (sect. Praealtina), localization of micropapillae, presence of thickened anticlinal walls (sect. Echinina); some characters are diagnostic at the species level: the type of surface on the intercostal region, and number of micropapillae.

Keywords: Pilosella, achene, SEM, surface ultrastructure, fruit, flora, Crimea, Ukraine

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