Early and late phenological forms of Quercus robur (Fagaceae) have been investigated using microsatellite markers and a DNA marker system based on the study of the intron's length polymorphism of the β-tubulin genes (TBP-markers). Relatively low indicators of genetic variability have been established (H_O = 0.342 ± 0.208, H_E = 0.566 ± 0.199 in the early and H_O=0.288 ± 0.136, H_E = 0.461 ± 0.216 in the late phenological groups) in 40 analyzed plants of two samples with microsatellite loci. The genetic differences between the early and late forms of Q. robur have been determined. The 9 unique alleles for microsatellite loci and 4 fragments for TBP loci among the trees of the early form, and 5 unique alleles for the microsatellite and TBP loci for the late form have been discovered. In particular, the differences in the frequency of prevalent alleles quru-GA-0C19-222 (practically absent at the late phenological sample) and quru-GA-0C19-226 (frequency reaches more than 80% in the early phenological form and only about 50% in the late) have been detected. The evaluation of the TBP polymorphism indices conducted for the investigated forms of Q. robur have revealed a lower number of fragments in the early (Ne = 1.218 ± 0.040) compared with the late phenological form of Q. robur (Ne = 1.294 ± 0.042). The value of PIC (Polymorphism Information Content) for this type of markers has been greater in the late phenological form Q. robur (PIC = 0.274 ± 0.025) than in the early form (PIC = 0.209 ± 0.022). Also, according to Shannon's information index, there are differences between the early (I = 0.253 ± 0.029) and the late (I = 0.320 ± 0.031) phenological forms of Q. robur. Analysis of the molecular variation by TBP markers (AMOVA) has been revealed slight differences in the investigated phenological forms of Q. robur. Thus, 91% of the genetic diversity of Q. robur is for intra-sample polymorphism, and 9% is inter-sampling in the overall genetic heterogeneity of the species. Our results showed that variation in seasonal timing in Q. robur is not only attributed to the variability in the growth condition but also genetically determined. More types of DNA markers are required for further researches on genetic profiling and certification of Q. robur phenological forms.

Keywords: Quercus robur, TBP-markers, microsatellites, genetic variability, phenological forms

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