Pollen morphology of four species of the genus Knautia (Dipsacaceae) in the flora of Ukraine was studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen grains of these species are 3-porate, rarely 4-porate, spheroidal, elipsoidal or oblate-spheroidal; large-sized. Their outline in equatorial view is circular or oval, in polar view circular-triangular or rarely quadrangular. Pores are distinct, circular and eliptical, with an annulus and operculum. Sculpture exine is spinulate-spinulose. The diagnostic features at the species level in Knautia are the size of pollen grains and pores and the structure of the operculum. Palynomorphological data do not contradict the placement of the studied species in the traditional system of Knautia and are consistent with the results of molecular phylogenetic studies. An analysis of the participation of pollen of K. arvensis in the palynofloras of deposits of 18 sections the Allerød–Holocene of the plain part of Ukraine is provided. The patterns of K. arvensis distribution in the studied territory in space and time are reconstructed. The results of the analytical processing of paleofloristic materials allow to outline the tendency for a wider distribution of this species in the composition of the vegetation cover of the Forest and Forest-steppe zones during the Allerød, the Late Dryas, and during the Preboreal phase of the Holocene. This trend is also observed for the territory of the Steppe zone during the Subatlantic period of the Holocene.

Keywords: pollen grains, morphology, diagnostic signs, palynoflora, Allerød, Late Dryas, Holocene, Dipsacaceae, Knautia

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