The morphometric data on areas of leaves, mesophyll cells, chloroplasts, granae and thylakoids of the early ephemeroid snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis) are given. The ultrastructural features of cells and chloroplasts have been analysed in G. nivalis leaves during germination and in vegetative and generative stages of development. The observed characteristics of the chloroplasts (small number of thylakoids in grana, developed system of stromal thylakoids) are typical for sun species. These features are more pronounced at the germination stage. During the vegetative period in chloroplasts, the amount and areas of the grana and thylakoids in grana increased. The starch grains were absent in the G. nivalis chloroplasts, unlike in the chloroplasts of sun species. Photochemical activity of the leaves was determined by the method of the delayed fluorescence of chlorophyll. It has been shown that, like other spring ephemeroids, G. nivalis is characterized by high activity of photosynthetic electron transport at low level of non-photochemical quenching of fluorescence, which indicates the adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus of leaves to development under full sunlight and low above-zero temperatures in early spring.

Keywords: Galanthus nivalis, leaf, mesophyll, cell ultrastructure, chloroplast, thylakoid, induction of chlorophyll fluorescence

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