Recent publications on microscopic fungi of natural and artificial underground objects as well as influence of these fungi on troglofauna, condition of the constructions and public health are reviewed. It is demonstrated that microfungi of some artificial underground constructions are poorly studied. Most publications refer to species diversity and distribution of mycobiota in urban subway and building basements. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of fungal occurence in the underground constructions mainly depend on their depth, ventilation mode and contact with the ground. Results of some studies show active development of well-known biodestructors as well as pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic species in urban water collection systems.

Keywords: review, microscopic fungi, troglofauna, subway, storm sewer systems, biodestruction

Full text: PDF (Ukr) 557K

1. Ai-hong L., Bao-ying Y. E., Hui-fang Z. An Investigation on Air Microbe Contamination Status of Subway Stations in Shenzhen City Before Their Open Publicly. Pract. Prevent. Medicine, 2006, 1: 325–330.
2. Airaksinen M., Pasanen P., Kurnitski J., Seppanen O. Microbial contamination of indoor air due to leakages from crawl space: a field study. Indoor Air, 2004, 14: 55–64. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1600-0668.2003.00210.x https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14756846
3. Antonov V.B., Beljakov N.A., Vasil'eva N.V., Elinov N.P., Starcev S.A., Hurcilava O.G., Shherbo A.P. Biopovrezhdenie bolnichnykh zdaniy i ikh vliyanie na zdorov’e cheloveka, St. Petersburg, 2008, 232 pp.
4. Awad A.H.A. Environmental Study in Subway Metro Stations in Cairo. Egypt. J. Occupat. Health, 2002, 44(2): 112–118. https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.44.112
5. Bogomolova E., Kirtsideli I. Airborne fungi in four stations of the St. Petersburg Underground railway system. Int. Biodeter. Biodegrad., 2009, 63: 156–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2008.05.008
6. Cho J.H., Min K.H., Paik N.W. Temporal variation of airborne fungi concentrations and related factors in subway stations in Seoul, Korea. Int. J. Hygiene Environ. Health, 2006, 209(3): 249–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.10.001 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16410055
7. Cho K.S., Mori T. A newly isolated fungus participates in the corrosion of concrete sewer pipes Water. Science & Technology, 1995, 1: 205–209.
8. Dashko R.E. Problemy meditsinskoy mikologii, 2002, 4(2): 68–69.
9. Dashko R.E., Shatskaya Ye.Yu., Vlasov D.Yu. Zapiski Gornogo institute. 2007, 172: 69–74.
10. DSTU 3013-95 Systema standartiv u haluzi okhorony navkolyshnoho seredovyshcha ta ratsionalnoho vykorystannia resursiv. Hidrosfera. Pravyla kontroliu za vidvedenniam doshchovykh i snihovykh stichnykh vod z terytorii mist i promyslovykh pidpryiemstv, available at: http://ksv.do.am/publ/dstu/dstu_3013_95/3-1-0-153/ (accessed 01 April 2016).
11. Fisk W.J., Faulkner D., Palonen J., Seppanen O. Performance and costs of particle air filtration technologies. Indoor Air, 2002, 12: 223–234. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0668.2002.01136.x https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12532754
12. Fisk W.J., Lei-Gomez Q., Mendell M.J. Meta-analyses of the associations of respiratory health effects with dampness and mold in homes. Indoor Air, 2007, 17: 284–296, available at: http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/924852/ (accessed 30 March 2016). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.2007.00475.x https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17661925
13. Gilleberg S.B., Faull J.L., Graeme-Cook K.A. A preliminary survey of aerial biocontaminants at six London Underground stations. Int. Biodeter. Biodegrad., 1998, 41: 149–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0964-8305(98)00005-5
14. Hernandez-Castillo O., Mugica-Alvarez V., Castaneda-Briones M. T., Murcia J. M., Garcıa-Franco F., Falcon Briseno Y. Aerobiological study in the Mexico City subway system. Aerobiologia, 2013, 30: 357–367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-014-9334-6
15. Hoseini M., Jabbari H., Naddafi K., Nabizadeh R., Rahbar M., Yunesian M., Jaafari J. Concentration and distribution characteristics of airborne fungi in indoor and outdoor air of Tehran subway stations. Aerobiologia, 2013, 29: 355–363. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-012-9285-8
16. Hwang S.H., Cho J.H. Evaluation of airborne fungi and the effects of a platform screen door and station depth in 25 underground subway stations in Seoul. South Korea. Air Quality, Atmosph. Health, 2015, 1: 35–46.
17. Ivanova A., Marfenina O., Danilogorskaya A. Mikologiya i fitopatologiya, 2012, 46(1): 33–40.
18. Ivarsson M., Lundberg J., Ivarsson L., Sallstedt T., Scheuerer M., Wedin M. Kungsträdgården, a granitic subway station in Stockholm: its exosystem and speleothems. Speleol. Res. and Activities in Artificial Underground, 2013, 2: 217–220.
19. Kawasaki T., Kyotani T., Ushiogi T., Izumi Y., Lee H., Hayakawa T. Distribution and identification of airborne fungi in railway stations in Tokyo, Japan. J. Occupat. Health, 2010, 52(3): 186–193. https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.O9022 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20299760
20. Ki K.W., Park J.B., Kim C.N., Lee K.J. Distribution of Airborne Fungi, Particulate Matter and Carbon Dioxide in Seoul Metropolitan Subway Stations. J. Prev. Med. Public Health, 2006, 39(4): 325–330.
21. Kim K.Y., Kim Y.S., Kim D., Kim H.T. Exposure level and distribution characteristics of airborne bacteria and fungi in Seoul metropolitan subway stations. J. Ind. Health, 2011, 49(2): 242–248. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.MS1199
22. Kopytenkova O.I., Shilova Ye.A., Sazonova A.M. Tekhnologii tekhnosfernoy bezopasnosti, 2014, 6(58): 1–7, available at: http://web.archive.org/web/20161204005000/http://ipb.mos.ru/ttb/
23. Kulikov Yu.N., Kulikova Ye.Yu. Gornyi informatsionno-analiticheskiy byulleten, 1998, 6: 38–41.
24. Kurnitski J., Pasanen P. Crawl space moisture and microbes. Proc. Healthy Build., 2000, 3: 205–210.
25. Langwig K.E., Frick W.F., Bried J.T., Hicks A.C., Kunz T.H., Kilpatrick A.M. Sociality, density-dependence and microclimates determine the persistence of populations suffering from a novel fungal disease, white-nose syndrome. Ecol. Letters, 2012, 15(1): 1050–1057. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01829.x https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22747672
26. Lindner D.L., Gargas A., Lorch J.M., Banik M.T., Glaeser J., Kunz T.H., Blehert D.S. DNA-based detection of the fungal pathogen Geomyces destructans in soils from bat hibernacula. Mycologia, 2011, 103(2): 241–246. https://doi.org/10.3852/10-262 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20952799
27. Liu D.L., Nazaroff W.W. Particle penetration through building cracks. Aerosol Science and Technology, 2003, 37:565–573, available at: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/1tg357ms/ https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820300927
28. Martynenko S.V., Kondratiuk T.O., Sukhomlyn M.M. Ukr. Bot. J., 2012. 69(3): 423–433.
29. Martynenko S.V., Kondratiuk T.O., Bulanchuk Yu.M. Aktualni problemy doslidzhennia dovkillia: Zbirnyk naukovykh prats, 2015, 1: 116–119.
30. Mashina L.L., Goryainov E.I., Demekhin G.A. Nauk. pr. UkrNDGMI, 2003, 251: 196–203.
31. Mattson J., Carlson O.E., Engh I.B. Negative influence on IAQ by air movement from mould contaminated constructions into buildings. In: Proceedings of Indoor Air: 9th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, City, editor, 2002, vol. 1, pp. 764–769.
32. Mosley R.B, Greenwell D.J., Sparks L. E., Guo Z., Tucker W. G., Fortmann R., Whit C. Penetration of ambient fine particles into the indoor environment. Aerosol Science and Technology, 2001, 34: 127–136, available at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02786820117449 (accessed 25 March 2016). https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820117449
33. Mudarri D., Fisk W.J. Public health and economic impact of dampness and mold, Indoor Air, 2007, 17: 226–235. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.2007.00474.x https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17542835
34. Nguyen Thi L.C., Kerr G., Johanson J. Monitoring and remediation after a flood in a Canadian office building. Proc. Healthy Build., 2000, 3: 433–438.
35. Picco A.M., Rodolfi M. Airborne fungi as biocontaminants at two Milan underground stations. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad, 2000, 44: 43–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0964-8305(00)00047-0
36. Robertson C.E., Baumgartner L.K., Harris J.K., Peterson K.L., Stevens M.J., Frank D.N., Pace N.R. Culture-independent analysis of aerosol microbiology in a metropolitan subway system. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2013, 79(11): 3485–3493. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00331-13 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23542619 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3648054
37. Starcev S.A. Inzhenerno-stroitelnyi zhurn., 2009, 2(4): 31–42, available at: http://engstroy.spbstu.ru/index_2009_02/starcev_podvaly.pdf
38. Startsev S.A. Inzhenerno-stroitelnyi zhurn., 2010, 7: 41–46.
39. Tian H., Wang Y., Zhu G., Zhang B., Xia X., Zhang J. Evaluation on hygienic status in public places of subway stations in Zhengzhou. J. Environ. Hygiene, 2014, 3: 132–138.
40. Vanderwolf K.J., David Malloch D., McAlpine D.F., Forbes G.J. A world review of fungi, yeasts, and slime molds in caves. Int. J. Speleology, 2013, 42: 77–96. https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806X.42.1.9
41. Vlasov D.Yu., Safronova Ye.V., Malyshev V.V. Problemy meditsinskoy mikologii, 2003, 5(2): 68–69.
42. Vlasov D.Yu., Safronova Ye.V., Zelenskaya M.S., Dmitrieva Ye.Yu., Startsev S.A., Malyshev V.V. In: Problemy dolgovechnosti zdaniy i sooruzheniy v sovremennom stroitelstve: materialy mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii, St. Petresburg, 2007, pp. 154–160.
43. Voloshyn P.K. Nauk. pratsi UkrNDHMI, 2003, 252: 80–96.
44. Wang Y., Tian H., Zhu G., Zhang B., Xia X., Zhang J. Investigation on Biological Contamination Indicators in Subway Stations in Zhengzhou. J. Environ. Hygiene, 2014, 4: 110–121.
45. WHO guidelines for indoor air quality: dampness and mould. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2009, 248 pp., available at: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/43325/E92645.pdf (accessed 25 March 2016).
46. Wibbelt G., Kurth A., Hellmann D., Weishaar M., Barlow A., Veith M., Pruger J., Gorfol T., Grosche L., Bontadina F., Zophel U., Seidl H.P., Cryan P.M., Blehert D.S. White-nose syndrome fungus (Geomyces destructans) in bats, Europe. Emerging Infect. Diseases, 2010, 16(8): 1237–1243.
47. Xiao-bao X., You-sheng O., Hai-yan Z., Chun-hua W., Wen-ru L., Yi-ben C. Study on airborne microbial contamination of Guangzhou subway station. Chinese J. Health Lab. Technology, 2008, 9: 112–119.
48. Zhang H., Li L., Jiang R., Song W. Status of Air Pollutions in Shanghai Subway System. J. Environ. Occupat. Medicine, 2011, 9: 77–85.