Twelve new localities of Echinops exaltatus, a species listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine, were discovered in Southern Opillya. The north-eastern boundary of its range was shifted by 44 km. Echinops exaltatus in Southern Opillya often occurs on wood margins, among shrubs, and in karst funnels. Plants grow in populations at a high density. Usually the population area is small (10–200 m2). Population size varies from tens to thousands of ramets. Mature generative specimens predominate in the majority of populations. Species composition of vegetation, including populations of E. exaltatus, was estimated. Dactylis glomerata and Thalictrum minus were observed most frequently in association with E. exaltatus. Meadow and forest species predominate in the communities; margin species and synanthropes occur less frequently. The morphometric analysis showed that parameter values of individuals were highly variable in different populations depending on eco-coenotic conditions. The vitality analysis reflected the dependence of population vitality type on light conditions. Populations on open areas of forest margins or in karst funnels appeared to be prosperous; on the contrary, populations under tree canopy or among shrubs were depressive. Average seed number per ramet was 816, but more than 26% of them were damaged by pests. Laboratory germination capacity was only 4–9%. Therefore despite great yield capacity (a population produces in average 2.4 million seeds), generative renovation of populations is not significant. Localities where E. exaltatus occur are recommended for protection by inclusion to the territory of Halych National Nature Park (Zalistsya parcel; near Korostovychi and Lany villages) and creation of botanical reserve areas (Zhdymyr, Stinka, Hora Khoma).

Keywords: new localities, model populations, morphometry, vitality, age structure

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