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Ukr. Bot. J. 2015, 72(3): 229–236
https://doi.org/10.15407/ukrbotj72.03.229
Plant Taxonomy, Geography and Floristics

Sexual structure of populations of Carex pauciflora and Carex dioica (Cyperaceae) in Ukraine

Sosnovska S.V.
Abstract

Sexual structure of populations of monoecious and dioecious species of genus Carex L.: C. pauciflora Lightf. and C. dioica L. (Cyperaceae Juss.) of the flora of Ukraine under different growth conditions was established. The sexual structure of investigated populations of C. pauciflora (monoecious species) is characterized by the prevalence of female flowers in individuals, that should be considered as morphologically stipulated and constant feature of the species. Minor fluctuations in the sexual ratio of some populations located in the highland of the Ukrainian Carpathians are caused by their high-altitude distribution and influence of abiotic factors. Under the unfavourable environmental conditions combined with anthropogenic pressure, the lesser productivity of female flowers, comparatively to male ones, is observed, which is accompanied by the relative balancing of their sexual ratio. In the populations of C. dioica (dioecious species) a multi-level regulation of their sexual structure is observed, providing their self-maintenance and self-renewal. A high lability of the sexual structure of this species is mainly regulated by different ecological needs of heterosexual individuals, as well as their tolerance and the type of survival strategy under unfavourable conditions. For C. dioica populations under ecological and coenotic optimum, the prevalence of female individuals, comparatively to male ones, is observed. Under conditions limiting the vegetative reproduction of female individuals (little moss cover and great part of dense sods in the plant cover, etc.), there is an increase of the male ones in the sexual structure of the species. Under the stress conditions, the selective effect of both natural and anthropogenic factors on heterosexual individuals causes a cardinal change in their ratio towards the domination of one of the genders.

Keywords: Carex pauciflora, Carex dioica, population, sexual structure

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