Pollen morphology of 32 species belonging to 14 genera and five tribes of the family Plantaginaceae s.l. was studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen grains of the studied species are mainly 3-colporate, rarely 3-colpate (some genera of tribes Gratioleae and Cheloneae). Representatives of tribes Gratioleae, Angelonieae, Cheloneae, Russelieae and Antirrhineae generally exhibit similarities of their pollen grains in the aperture types, surface sculpture, form, shape, and size. The highest diversity of surface sculpture types is characteristic of pollen grains in representatives of tribe Gratioleae. Such diversity probably was formed in the early stages of evolution of the family Plantaginaceae. The ancestral type of apertures was evidently 3-colporate with indistinct ora, dominating in pollen grains of the studied tribes. Pollen grains in these groups represent both primitive and more advanced types of sculpture. Smooth, perforate and foveolate sculpture types can be considered as primitive, while striate-reticulate and macroreticulate sculpture is more advanced. Transitional sculpture types are perforate-rugulate-verrucate and reticulate-verrucate ones.

Keywords: pollen grains, morphology, sculpture, taxonomy, phylogeny, Gratioleae, Angelonieae, Cheloneae, Russelieae, Antirrhineae, Plantaginaceae

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