The Pinus cembra communities belong to the rarest and least studied woody habitats in Europe. This article reports 30 species of lignicolous Basidiomycota revealed in primeval spruce stands with the admixture of arolla pine in Gorgany Nature Reserve (the Ukrainian Carpathians). Five species, namely Aphanobasidium subnitens, Ceraceomyces eludens, Hyphoderma occidentale, Hypochnicium albostramineum and H. cremicolor, are firstly reported in Ukraine. The records of Cystostereum murrayi, Phellinus viticola and Pycnoporellus fulgens deserve particular attention due to their value as bioindicators of natural forest ecosystems. The species composition of Basidiomycota per individual fallen log turned out to be rather poor. The fungi forming thin resupinate corticioid basidiocarps on the substrate underside prevail among the finds, indicating a lack of moisture in the surveyed treeline stands. Detailed descriptions of the substrate and collection site are given for each find. An overview of previous research on the diversity of lignicolous Basidiomycota in arolla pine forests is provided.

Keywords: Aphanobasidium subnitens, Ceraceomyces eludens, Hyphoderma occidentale, Hypochnicium albostramineum, Hypochnicium cremicolor, Phellinus viticola, rare species, treeline, Ukrainian Carpathians

Full text: PDF (Eng) 1.17M

1. Akulov O.Yu. 2016. New data about fungi of Marmarosh massif of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve. In: The ecological, socio-economic and historical-cultural aspects of the Maramures border region development: Materials of the International scientific-practical conference Ukraine, Rakhiv, 2–4 September 2016. Khmelnytskyi: FOP Petryshyn H.M., pp. 5–12.
2. Akulov O.Yu., Ordynets O.V. 2011. Clarified and supplemented information about the mycobiota of the National Nature Park "Svyati Hory". In: Annals of nature of the National Nature Park "Svyati Hory". Vol. 13. Sviatohirsk, 43 pp. (manuscript)
3. Bernicchia A., Gorjon S. P. 2010. Corticiaceae s. l. — Fungi Europaei. Vol. 12. Alassio: Edizioni Candusso, 1008 pp.
4. Bernicchia A., Savino E., Gorjon S. P. 2007. Aphyllophoraceous wood-inhabiting fungi on Pinus spp. in Italy. Mycotaxon, 101: 5–8.
5. Bisht V.K., Nautiyal B.P., Kuniyal C.P., Prasad P., Sundriyal, R.C. 2014. Litter production, decomposition, and nutrient release in subalpine forest communities of the Northwest Himalaya. Journal of Ecosystems, 2014: 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/294867
6. Blada I. 2008. Pinus cembra distribution in the Romanian Carpathians. Annals of Forest Research, 51: 115–132. https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2008.149
7. Bohoslavets O.M., Prydiuk M.P. 2023. New records of rare wood-inhabiting fungi from the Ukrainian Carpathians. Czech Mycology, 75(1): 61–83. https://doi.org/10.33585/cmy.75105
8. Cherniavskyi M.V. 2021. Research of virgin forest in Nature Reserve "Gorgany". In: The main problems and trends in the development of protected areas in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Proceedings of the International Scientific-Practical Conference dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the Gorgany Nature Reserve establishment (Nadvirna, Ukraine, September 16–17, 2021). Ivano-Frankivsk: Symphony forte, pp. 140–114.
9. Chervona knyha Ukrayiny. Roslynnyi svit (Red Data Book of Ukraine. Plant Kingdom). 2009. Ed. Ya.P. Didukh. Kyiv: Globalconsulting, 912 pp.
10. Damon W. 2000. Corticioide Basidienpilze Osterreichs 3. Osterreicische Zeitschrift fur Pilzkunde, 9: 191–228.
11. Dudka I.O., Heluta V.P., Prydiuk M.P., Tykhonenko Yu.Ya., Akulov O.Yu., Hayova V.P., Zykova M.O., Andrianova T.V., Dzhagan V.V., Scherbakova Yu.V. 2019. Fungi of Reserves and National Nature Parks of the Ukrainian Carpathians. Ed. V.P. Heluta. Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, 215 pp.
12. Hansen L., Knudsen H. (Eds.). 1997. Nordic macromycetes: heterobasidioid, aphyllophoroid and gastromycetoid basidiomycetes. Vol. 3. Copenhagen: Nordsvamp, 444 pp.
13. Hjortstam K., Larsson K.-H., Ryvarden L. 1987. Introduction and keys. In: The Corticiaceae of North Europe. Vol. 1. Oslo: Fungiflora, pp. 1–59.
14. Holec J. 2002. Fungi of the Eastern Carpathians (Ukraine): Important works by Albert Pilat, and locations of his collecting sites. Mycotaxon, 83: 1–17.
15. Holec J. 2004. Distribution and ecology of the rare polypore Pycnoporellus fulgens in the Czech Republic. Czech Mycology, 56(3–4): 291–302. https://doi.org/10.33585/cmy.56310
16. Holec J. 2008. Interesting macrofungi from the Eastern Carpathians, Ukraine and their value as bioindicators of primeval and near-natural forests. Mycologia Balcanica, 5: 55–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2548489
17. Holec J., Křiž M., Beran M., Kolařik M. 2015. Chromosera cyanophylla (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) — a rare fungus of Central European old-growth forests and its habitat preferences in Europe. Nova Hedwigia, 100(1–2): 189–204. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2014/0217
18. Jönsson M.T., Edman M., Jonsson B.G. 2008. Colonization and extinction patterns of wood-decaying fungi in a boreal oldgrowth Picea abies forest. Journal of Ecology, 96: 1065–1075. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01411.x
19. Kavina C., Pilat A. 1942. Atlas des champignons de l'Europe. Tome III. Polyporaceae I. Praha: Chez les editeurs, 624 pp.
20. Klimuk Yu.V., Miskevych U.D., Yakushenko D.M., Chorney I.I., Budzhak V.V., Nyporko S.O., Shpilchak M.B., Chernavsky M.V., Tokaryuk A.I., Oleksiv T.M., Tymchuk Ya.Ya., Solomakha V.A. Solomakha T.D., Mayor R.V. 2006. Nature Reserve "Gorgany". Plant World. Nature reserve territories of Ukraine. Plant Word. Issue 6. Kyiv: Phytosociocentre, 400 pp.
21. Knudsen H., Vesterholt J. (Eds). 2012. Funga Nordica. Agaricoid, boletoid, clavarioid, cyphelloid and gastroid genera. 2^nd ed. Copenhagen: Nordsvamp, 1085 pp.
22. Kotiranta H., Niemela T. 1993. Uhanalaiset kaavat Suomessa (Threatened polypores in Finland). Vesi- ja ymparistohallinnon julkaisuja. Sarja B, 17: 1–116.
23. Kotlaba F. 1999. Need of a Latin abbreviation for "noted" in natural sciences. Mykologické listy, Prague, 71: 18–20.
24. Kučera P. 2019. Pinus cembra communities in the Tatras — comments to the study of Zięba et al. Tuexenia, 39: 161–180. https://doi.org/10.14471/2019.39.013
25. Kueppers L.M., Southon J., Baer P., Harte J. 2004. Dead wood biomass and turnover time, measured by radiocarbon, along a subalpine elevation gradient. Oecologia, 141: 641–651. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1689-x
26. Kuzemko A.A., Didukh Ya.P., Onishchenko V.A., Šeffer J. 2018. National Habitat Catalogue of Ukraine. Kyiv : FOP Klymenko Yu.Ya., , 442 pp.
27. Kuffer N., Gillet F., Senn-Irlet B., Job D., Aragno M. 2008. Ecological determinants of fungal diversity on dead wood in European forests. Fungal Diversity, 30: 83–95.
28. Lambert R.L., Lang G.E., Reiners W.A. 1980. Loss of mass and chemical change in decaying boles of a subalpine balsam fir forest. Ecology, 61: 1460–1473. https://doi.org/10.2307/1939054
29. Lassoe T., Petersen J.H. 2019. Fungi of Temperate Europe. Princeton, Oxford: Princeton University Press, 1715 pp.
30. Merges D. 2019. Mutualistic and antagonistic effects of plant-animal and plant-fungal interactions on plant recruitment at the tree line. Dissertation for attaining the PhD degree. Frankfurt: Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am Mainn (manuscript), 188 pp.
31. Nicolotti G., Gonthier P., Varese G.C. 1999. First report of Heterobasidion annosum on native European Pinus cembra. Plant Disease, 83(4): 398–398. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.1999.83.4.398B
32. Parmasto E., Parmasto I. 1997. Lignicolous Aphyllophorales of old and primeval forests in Estonia. 1. The forests of northern Central Estonia with a preliminary list of indicator species. Folia Cryptogamica Estonica, 31: 38–45.
33. Popovych S.Yu., Mykhaylovych N.V., Hrysiuk T.S. 2019. Representativity of Pinus cembra (Pinaceae) in natural protected fund of Ukraine. Ukrainian Botanical Journal, 76(6): 533–541. https://doi.org/10.15407/ukrbotj76.06.533
34. Pouska V., Svoboda M., Leps J. 2013. Co-occurrence patterns of wood-decaying fungi on Picea abies logs: does Fomitopsis pinicola influence the other species? Polish Journal of Ecology, 61: 119–133.
35. Rajala T., Tuomivirta T., Pennanen T., Makipaa R. 2015. Habitat models of wood-inhabiting fungi along a decay gradient of Norway spruce logs. Fungal Ecology, 18: 48–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2015.08.007
36. Renvall P. 1995. Community structure and dynamics of wood-rotting basidiomycetes on decomposing conifer trunks in northern Finland. Karstenia, 35: 1–51.
37. Ryvarden L., Melo I. 2014. Poroid fungi of Europe. Oslo: Fungiflora, 457 pp.
38. Shevchenko M.V. 2018. Noteworthy records of corticioid fungi from Ichnia National Nature Park. Ukrainian Botanical Journal, 75(1): 77–83. https://doi.org/10.15407/ukrbotj75.01.077
39. Shevchenko S.V. 1972. Phytopathogenic fungi on woods and shrubs in the Carpathian highlands. Ukrainian Botanical Journal, 29(5): 590–595.
40. Sirenko O.H. 2005. Distribution and regressive changes in the range of Pinus cembra L. in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Plant Introduction, 25(1): 11–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2586141
41. Tortić M. 1998. An attempt to a list of indicator fungi (Aphyllophorales) for old forests of beech and fir in former Yugoslavia. Folia Cryptogamica Estonica, 33: 139–146.
42. UNESCO 2017. Executive Summary: Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe (extension to the existing Natural World Heritage Site “Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and the Ancient Beech Forests of Germany”, 1133bis). Available at: https://whc.unesco.org/document/155682 (Accessed 10 April 2023).