Due to anthropogenic impact on vegetation cover, importance of the outphytosozological studies of coniferous plants of the Ukrainian Carpathians is emphasized. Pinus cembra is one of the rare species of trees in Europe and its in situ and ex situ conservation in Ukraine is required. At present, P. cembra is under protection in its natural habitats within 25 objects of the nature reserve fund of Ukraine and 71 objects of artificial plantations (in total of 10 categories). The network of the protected areas consists of two biosphere reserves, one nature reserve, six national nature parks, one regional landscape park, eight reserves (of which five are botanical), 13 botanical nature monuments, seven protected forest parcels, 14 botanical gardens, 16 dendrological parks, and 21 monuments of landscape art. The largest natural plant communities of P. cembra are located in Gorgany Nature Reserve (539 ha). As a result of the inventory studies, the boundaries of its cultivation area in Ukraine were defined. It is obvious that the most widespread cultivation of P. cembra is within the Carpathian Mountains (20 objects). The Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine and the zone of deciduous forests of Ukraine (14 and 16 objects, respectively) provide sufficiently suitable ecological conditions for cultivation of P. cembra. The least number of artificial plantations under protection were found in the Mixed Forest zone (4) and the Steppe zone of Ukraine (6 objects). The largest number of the protected natural forests (16) and artificial plantations (11 objects) was registered in Ivano-Frankivsk Region. Plants aged ca. 250 years were revealed under artificial conditions (in cultivation).

Keywords: area of plant species, ex situ, in situ, natural geographic regions, Pinus cembra, protection of plant species, reserved localites

Full text: PDF (Ukr) 569K

1. Borlea G.F., Radu S., Stana D. 2006. Forest biodiversity preservation of Romania. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 34: 21–27.
2. Chernevyi Yu.I., Tretyak P.R., Savchyn A.I. 2011. Naukovyi visnyk NLTU Ukrainy, 21.11: 54–61.
3. Chorney I.I., Budzhak V.V., Yakuschenko D.M., Korzhyk V.P., Solomakha V.A., Sorokan Yu.I., Tokaryuk A.I., Solomakha T.D. 2005. Naturale reserve territories of Ukraine. Plant world, issue 4. Kyiv: Phytosociocentre, 248 pp.
4. Contini L., Lavarelo J. 1982. Le pin cembro Pinus cembra L. Paris: INRA, 197 pp.
5. Convention of the European Wildlife and Natural Habitats. 1979. Bern, 75 pp.
6. Dendrosozolohichnyi kataloh pryrodno-zapovidnoho fondu Lisostepu Ukrayiny (The dendrosozological catalogue of natural-protected fund of the Forest-steppe of Ukraine). 2011. Ed. S.Yu. Popovych. Kyiv: Agrar Media Grup, 800 pp.
7. Dendrosozolohichnyi kataloh pryrodno-zapovidnoho fondu Stepu Ukrayiny. Ed. S.Yu. Popovych. 2014. Kyiv: Komprynt, 888 pp.
8. Dendrosozolohichnyi kataloh pryrodno-zapovidnoho fondu Ukrainskoho Polissya. 2017. Ed. S.Yu. Popovych. Kyiv: Komprynt, 466 pp.
9. Derzhypilskyi L.M., Tomych M.V., Yusyp S.V., Losyuk V.P., Yakuschenko D.M., Danylyk I.M., Chorney I.I., Budzhak V.V., Kondratyuk S.Ya., Nyporko S.O., Virchenko V.M., Mikhailyuk T.I., Darienko T.M., Solomakha V.A., Prorochuk V.V., Stefurak Yu.P., Fokshey S.I., Solomakha T.D., Tokaryuk A.I. 2011. Naturale protected territories of Ukraine. Plant world, issue 9. Kyiv: Phytosociocentre, 360 pp.
10. Didukh Ya.P., Yermolenko V.M., Kondratyuk S.Ya. 2000. Pinus cembra. In: Ekoflora Ukrainy (Ecoflora of Ukraine), vol. 1. Ed. Ya.P. Didukh. Kyiv: Phytosociocentre, pp. 232–233.
11. Global Biodiversity Assesment. 1995. Eds V.H. Heywood, R.T. Watson. Cambridge: University Press, 1140 pp.
12. Hawkes J.G., Maxted N., Ford-Lloyd B.V. 2000. The ex situ Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources. Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. B.V., 249 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4136-9
13. Heinze1 B., Holzer K. 2013. A review of research on Pinus cembra in Austria, with special reference to the conservation of genetic resources. In: 5^th Symposium Conference Volume for Research in Protected Areas. Mittersill: Conference Volume, pp. 279–283.
14. Höhn M., Gugerli F., Abran P., Bisztray G., Buonamici A., Cseke K., Hufnagel L., Quintela-Sabarís C., Sebastiani F., Vendramin G.G. 2009. Variation in the chloroplast DNA of Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra L.) reflects contrasting post-glacial history of populations from the Carpathians and the Alps. Journal of Biogeography, 36: 1798–1806. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02122.x
15. Klimuk Yu.V., Miskevych U.D., Yakuschenko D.M., Chorney I.I., Budzhak V.V., Nyporko S.O., Shpilchak M.B., Chernyavsky M.V., Tokaryuk A.I., Oleksiv T.M., Tymchuk Ya.Ya., Solomakha V.A., Solomakha T.D., Mayor R.V. 2006. Naturale reserve territories of Ukraine. Plant world, issue 6. Kyiv: Phytosociocentre, 400 pp.
16. Konventsiya pro okhoronu dykoyi flory i fauny ta pryrodnykh seredovyshch isnuvannya v Europi (Bern, 1979). 1998. Kyiv: Minekobezpeky Ukrainy, 76 pp.
17. Krynytskyi H.T., Kuziv R.F., Kishchenko D.A. 2000. In: National Natural Parks: problems of creation and development: Proceedings of the international scientific-practical conference, dedicated to the 20^th-anniversary of the Carpathian National Natural Park. Yaremche, pp. 177–181.
18. Magurran A.E. 2004. Measuring biological diversity. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing, 256 pp.
19. Marynych O.M., Parkhomenko H.O., Petrenko O.M., Shyshchenko P.H. 2003. Ukrainian Geographical Journal, 41: 16–20.
20. Metodychni aspecty vprovadzhennya mizhnarodnoyi prohramy "vazhlyvi botanichni terytoriyi" v Ukrayini. 2008. Eds T.L. Andrienko, V.A. Onyshchenko. Kyiv: Aristey, 43 pp.
21. Oleksiv T.M., Klimuk Yu.V., Shpytko T.V. 2004. Zapovidna sprava v Ukraini, 10(1–2): 28–30.
22. Patsura I.M. 2000. In: National Natural Parks: problems of creation and development. Proceedings of the international scientific-practical conference, dedicated to the 20^th-anniversary of the Carpathian National Natural Park. Yaremche, pp. 114–116.
23. Saulnier M., Edouard J.-L., Corona Ch., Guibal F. 2011. Climate/growth relationships in a Pinus cembra high-elevation network in the Southern French Alps. Annals of Forest Science, 68: 189–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-011-0020-3
24. Sirenko O.G. 2008. European cedar pine (Pinus cembra L.) in Ukrainian: distribution, structure of population and protection: Cand. Sci. Diss. Abstract. Kyiv, 2008, 23 pp.
25. Sirenko O.H., Sirenko H.O., Kuzyshyn O.V., Midak L.Ya. 2014. Matematychni metody v khimii I biolohii, 2(1): 48–68.
26. Sivak V.K., Solodkyy V.D., Korolyuk V.I., Bilokon' M.V. 2004. Bukovyna a reserved land. Chernivtsi: Zelena Bukovyna, 112 pp.
27. Stoyko S.M. 1966. Zapovidnyky ta pamyatky pryrody Ukrayinskykh Karpat. Lviv, 142 pp.
28. Stoyko S.M. 1977. Karpatam zelenity vichno. Uzhgorod: Karpaty, 176 pp.
29. Stoyko S.M., Milkina L.I., Solodkova T.I., Zaets Z.S., Tasenkevich L.O., Zhyzhyn M.P. 1980. Okhorona pryrody Ukrayinskykh Karpat ta prylehlykh terytoriy. Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, 264 pp.
30. Stoyko S.M., Yashchenko P.T., Kagalo O.O., Milkina L.I., Tasenkevich L.O., Zagulskyi M.M. 2004. Rarytetnyi fitogenofond zakhidnykh rehioniv Ukrayiny: sozologichna otsinka i naukovi zasady okhorony. Lviv: Liga-Pres, 232 pp.
31. Tasenkevich L. 1998. Flora of the Carpathians. Checklist of the native vascular plant species. L'viv: State Museum of Natural History of NAS of Ukraine, 610 pp.
32. Tasenkevich L.O., Melnyk V.I., Sirenko O.G. 2009. Pinus cembra. In: Chervona knyha Ukrainy. Roslynnyi svit (Red Data Book of Ukraine. Plant Kingdom). Ed. Ya.P. Didukh. Kyiv: Globalkonsaltyng, p. 45.
33. Tyukh Yu.Yu., Zyman S.M., Derbak M.Yu. 2011. Roslynnyy pokryv Natsionalnoho pryrodnoho parku "Synevyr" (Ukrayinski Karpaty). Uzhgorod: Lira, 160 pp.
34. Walter K.S., Gillett H.J. 1998. IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. IUCN – The World Conservation Union. Switzerland and Cambridge (UK), 862 pp.
35. Zelena knyha Ukrayiny. 2009. Ed. Ya.P. Didukh. Kyiv: Alterpress, 448 pp.