General recommendations regarding proper type designation of names of taxa described by Turczaninow in his Animadversiones series of articles (as well as in some other publications) are provided. It is concluded that, as clearly indicated in the protologues, all (or almost all) taxa described in these publications are based on specimens from the private herbarium of Turczaninow which was donated in the 1840s to the Kharkiv University (CWU) and in the 1940s was transferred to the Institute of Botany in Kyiv (KW). Consequently, holotypes and syntypes of these taxa are now almost exclusively in KW. Several cases of correct and incorrect type designations are discussed, specifically of some South American Brassicaceae, Geraniaceae and Hypericaceae, Central American Malvaceae, and southern African Polygalaceae. Information on the re-discovered holotype (KW) of Abelmoschus achanioides Turcz. (now accepted as Malvaviscus achanioides (Turcz.) Fryxell, Malvaceae) is provided, and an earlier lectotypification of that name with a specimen from G is considered ineffective. The holotype of Stenocalyx involutus Turcz. (now considered a synonym of Mezia includens (Benth.) Cuatrec., Malpighiaceae) was originally in the Turczaninow herbarium, but the whole folder with that specimen is now missing in KW (considered lost or destroyed), and it was already missing in the mid-1920s, when the collection was still in CWU. Because of that the lectotype of S. involutus is designated here, the specimen from MPU, to replace the lost or destroyed holotype. The need for thorough analysis of protologues, available original material, and associated information for correct type designation/indication is emphasized.

Keywords: bibliography, Brassicaceae, Geraniaceae, herbarium, Malpighiaceae, Malvaceae, nomenclature, Polygalaceae, taxonomy, type, typification

Full text: PDF (Eng) 1.38M

1. Aedo C. 2012. Revision of Geranium (Geraniaceae) in the New World. Systematic Botany Monographs, 95: 1–550.
2. Aedo C., Aldasoro J.J., Sáez L., Navarro C. 2003. Taxonomic revision of Geranium sect. Gracilia (Geraniaceae). Brittonia, 55: 93–126. https://doi.org/10.1663/0007-196X(2003)055%5B0093:TROGSG%5D2.0.CO;2
3. Al-Shehbaz I.A. 2018. A monograph of the South American species of Draba (Brassicaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 103(4): 463–590. https://doi.org/10.3417/2018184 https://doi.org/10.3417/2018184
4. Anderson C., Anderson W.R. 2018. Revision of Mezia (Malpighiaceae). Edinburgh Journal of Botany, 75(3): 321–376. https://doi.org/10.1017/S096042861800015X
5. Bentham G. 1848. Contributions to the Flora of Guiana. Enumeration of plants collected in British, Dutch, and French Guiana, by Sir Robert and Richard Schomburgk, Dr. Hostmann, M. Leprieur, and others [Part 1]. London Journal of Botany, 7: 116–137.
6. Berg O. 1856. Revisio myrtacearum americae. Linnaea, 27: 1–472.
7. Biral L., Mosyakin S.L., Lombardi J.A. 2019. Proposal to conserve the name Tontelea attenuata (Celastraceae) against Maytenus amygdalina. Taxon, 68(4) (in press).
8. Choisy J.D. 1821. Prodromus d'une monographie de la famille des hypéricinées. Genève: J.J. Paschoud; Paris: Mème maison de Commerce, ii + 70 pp. + IX tab.
9. Cristóbal C.L. 1960. Revisión del género Ayenia (Sterculiaceae). Opera Lilloana, 4: 1–230.
10. Cuatrecasas J. 1958. Prima Flora Colombiana: 2. Malpighiaceae. Webbia, 13(2): 343–664. https://doi.org/10.1080/00837792.1958.10669680
11. Cuatrecasas J., Croat T.B. 1980. Malpighiaceae [in Woodson R.E., Schery R.W. & collaborators (Eds.) Flora of Panama, Part VI]. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 67: 851–945. https://doi.org/10.2307/2398960
12. Diachenko I.I., Shumilova A.V., Shiyan N.M. 2015. The Catalogue of the herbarium collection of M.S. Turczaninow as a unique scientific and historical manuscript. In: Contribution of amateur naturalists into biological diversity studies. International Scientific Conference devoted to the 200^th anniversary of Lajos Vágner's birthday. Beregovo; Uzhgorod: Ferenc Rákóczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian Institute, pp. 274–279.
13. Dorr L.J. 2017. Two innovations in Mexican Malvaceae. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 11(1): 25–28.
14. Figueiredo E., Smith G.F., Pavia J. 2013. A checklist of Polygala (Polygalaceae) in the Flora of Southern Africa region with notes on types. Phytotaxa, 155(1): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.155.1.1
15. Fryxell P.A. 1979. Taxonomic notes on Chiapas Malvaceae. Systematic Botany, 4(3): 253–256. https://doi.org/10.2307/2418423
16. Fryxell P.A., Krapovickas A. 1990. The Malvaceae published by Turczaninow. Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium, 17: 173–182.
17. Hemsley W.B. 1879. Malvaceae, Sterculiaceae. In: Hemsley W.B. Biologia Centrali-Americana; or, contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and Central America edited by F. Ducane Godman and Osbert Salvin. Botany, vol. 1(2). London: R.H. Porter & Dulau & Co., pp. 98–136.
18. Kamelin R.V., Sytin A.K. 1997. Nikolai Stepanovich Turchaninow (on the occasion of his bicentenary). Botanicheskiy Zhurnal, 82(9): 123–137.
19. Linnaeus C. 1753. Species Plantarum, vols. 1–2. Holmiae [Stockholm]: Laurentius Salvius, 1200 pp.
20. Linnaeus C. 1771. Mantissa Plantarum [vol. 2] Altera, Generum editionis VI & Specierum editionis II. Holmiae [Stockholm]: Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, pp. 143–588.
21. Linnaeus C. fil. 1782 (dated "1781"). Supplementum Plantarum Systematis Vegetabilium editionis decimae tertiae, Generum Plantarum editionis sextae, et Specierum Plantarum editionis secundae. Brunsvigae [Braunschweig]: Impensis Orphanotrophei, [14 pp. Praefatio] + 468 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.555
22. Lipschitz S.Yu., Vasilchenko I.T. 1968. Central herbarium of the USSR. Leningrad: Nauka, 141 pp.
23. Marchant N.G. 1990. The contribution of the Russian botanist Turczaninov to Australian plant taxonomy. In: Short P.S. (Ed.). History of Systematic Botany in Australasia. Proceedings of a symposium held at the University of Melbourne 25–27 May 1988. Canberra: ASBS, pp. 121–130.
24. McNeill J. 2014. Holotype specimens and type citations: general issues. Taxon, 63(5): 1112–1113. https://doi.org/10.12705/635.7
25. McNeill J., Barrie F.R., Buck W.R., Demoulin V., Greuter W., Hawksworth D.L., Herendeen P.S., Knapp S., Marhold K., Prado J., Prud'homme van Reine W.F., Smith G.F., Wiersema J.H., Turland N.J. (Eds.). 2012. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code): Adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress, Melbourne, Australia, July 2011. Königstein: Koeltz Scientific Books. Regnum Vegetabile, 154: 1–274.
26. Miers J. 1872. On the Hippocrateaceae of South America. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 28: 319–432. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1872.tb00224.x
27. Mosyakin S.L., de Lange P.J. 2019. Notes on typification and nomenclature of four taxa of Geraniaceae described by Turczaninow from New Zealand and Australia. Phytotaxa, 419(2): 169–181. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.419.2.3
28. Mosyakin S.L., Esser H.-J., Freitag H. 2018. The holotype of Chenopodium baryosmon (Chenopodiaceae) rediscovered: just one of many type specimens from the private herbarium of Schultes, now in the Turczaninow herbarium at KW. Phytotaxa, 334(1): 49–54. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.334.1.7
29. Myakushko T.Ya. 1976. The scientific heritage of M.S. Turchaninov. Ukrainian Botanical Journal (Ukrayins'kyi Botanichnyi Zhurnal), 33(6): 647–651.
30. Myakushko T.Ya., Glagoleva N.G., Mel'nyk S.K. 1979. M.S. Turchaninov's herbarium collection of type specimens of new species. Ukrainian Botanical Journal (Ukrayins'kyi Botanichnyi Zhurnal), 36(1): 85–90.
31. Myakushko T.Ya., Sirenko I.P., Glagoleva N.G., Mel'nyk S.K. 1981. Information and search system of the herbarium collection of type specimens of M.S. Turchaninov's new taxa Ukrainian Botanical Journal (Ukrayins'kyi Botanichnyi Zhurnal), 38(4): 71–73.
32. Niedenzu F. 1890. Malpighiaceae. In: Engler A., Prantl K. (Eds.). Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Teil III, Abt. 4. Leipzig: W. Engelmann, pp. 41–74.
33. Niedenzu F. 1928. Malpighiaceae [Pars 1]. In: Engler A. (Ed.). Das Pflanzenreich, IV, 141, Heft 91. Leipzig: Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, pp. 1–246.
34. Paiva J.A.R. 1998. Polygalarum africanarum et madagascariensium prodromus atque gerontogaei generis Heterosamara Kuntze, a genere Polygala L. segregati et a nobis denuo recepti, synopsis monographica. Fontqueria, 50: i–vi + 1–346.
35. Robson N.K.B. 1987. Studies in the genus Hypericum L. (Guttiferae) 7. Section 29. Brathys (part 1). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany, 16: 1–106.
36. Seregin A.P. 2010. Collection of Hugh Cuming in the Moscow University Herbarium (MW). Komarovia, 7(1–2): 69–88.
37. Shiyan N.M. (Ed.). 2011. Herbaria of Ukraine. Index Herbariorum Ucrainicum, Kyiv: Alterpress, 442 pp.
38. Stafleu F.A. 1969. Turczaninow's Flora Baicalensi-Dahurica. Taxon, 8(5): 563–565. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/1218386
39. Stafleu F.A., Cowan R.S. 1986. Taxonomic literature: A selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types, vol. 6: Sti–Vuy. 2^nd ed. Utrecht/Antwerpen: Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema & The Hague/Boston: dr. W. Junk b.v., Publishers, 926 pp.
40. Thiers B. 2008–onward. Index Herbariorum. A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden's Virtual Herbarium. Available at: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih (Accessed 16 May 2019).
41. Turczaninow N.S. 1843. Decas generum plantarum hucusque non descriptorum. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 16 (No. 1): 51–62.
42. Turczaninow N.S. 1847. Decas tertia generum adhuc non descriptorum, adjectis descriptionibus nonnularum specierum Myrtacearum xerocarpicarum atque Umbelliferarum imperfectarum. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 20 (Part 1, No. 1): 148–174.
43. Turczaninow N.S. 1852. Decas septima generum adhuc non descriptorum, adjectis descriptionibus nonnularum specierum. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 25 (Part 2, No. 3): 138–181.
44. Turczaninow N.S. 1855 (volume of "1854"). Animadversiones ad primam partem herbarii Turczaninowiani, nunc Universitatis Caesareae Charkowiensis [Animadversiones Part 1]. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 27 (Part 2, No. 4): 271–372.
45. Turczaninow N.S. 1858a. Animadversiones in secundam partem herbarii Turczaninowiani, nunc Universitatis Caesareae Charkowiensis [Animadversiones Part 2/1]. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 31 (Part 1, No. 1): 185–250.
46. Turczaninow N.S. 1858b. Animadversiones in secundam partem herbarii Turczaninowiani, nunc Universitatis Caesareae Charkowiensis [Animadversiones Part 2/2]. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 31 (Part 1, No. 2): 379–476.
47. Turczaninow N.S. 1859. Animadversiones in secundam partem catalogi plantarum herbarii Universitatis Charkowiensis [Animadversiones Part 2/3]. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 32 (Part 1, No. 1): 258–277.
48. Turczaninow [as "Turczaninoff"] N.S. 1863. Animadversiones ad catalogum primum et secundum herbarii Universitatis Charkowiensis [Addenda to Animadversiones Parts 1 and 2]. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 36 (Part 1, No. 2): 545–615.
49. Turland N.J., Wiersema J.H., Barrie F.R., Greuter W., Hawksworth D.L., Herendeen P.S., Knapp S., Kusber W.-H., Li D.-Z., Marhold K., May T.W., McNeill J., Monro A.M., Prado J., Price M.J., Smith G.F. (Eds.). 2018. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Glashütten: Koeltz Botanical Books. Regnum Vegetabile, 159: xxxviii + 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018