Ecological and coenotic conditions of habitats and the current state of populations of Cypripedium calceolus (Orchidaceae) are presented. The species grows in beech forests in the Carpathian and Crimean Mountains as well as in Rostochchya. In other regions of Ukraine it occurs in deciduous (oak, hornbeam, oak-hornbeam, alder) and coniferous (pine) forests as well as ecotones between forest and swamp ecosystems. The habitats of C. calceolus in the Podolian Upland are represented by pine, beech forests, meadow-steppe, and ecotones between forest and steppe communities. Ukrainian populations of C. calceolus are very small in numbers. The largest population consists of 1882 individuals. The structure of C. calceolus populations depends on the antropogenic impact on habitats. Homeostatic populations of this species prevail in undisturbed habitats. Antropogenic factors (cutting, drainage, fire, digging out plants and picking flowers) may lead to destruction of the structure and complete elimination of the populations. However, some activities in soil surface can be favorable for formation of new populations. Proposals to enhance conservation of C. calceolus in Ukraine are given.

Keywords: Cypripedium calceolus, habitats, population, Ukraine

Full text: PDF (Ukr) 612K

1. Amelchenko V., Ignatenko N., Agafonova G. Cypripedium calceolus. In: Biologicheskie osobennosti rasteniy Sibiri, nuzhdayushchikhsya v okhrane. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1986, pp. 18–26.
2. Bryzhalin I.A. Okhorona pam'yatok pryrody na Ukrayini. Poltava, 1919, 31 pp.
3. Davydov D., Daciuk V., Vynokurov D. New localities of rare plant species in Volyn region (Ukraine), J. Khark. Nation. Univ. Ser. Biology, 2014, 20(1100): 258–264.
4. Denisova L., Vakhrameeva M. Cypripedium calceolus. In: Biologicheskaya flora Moskovskoy oblasti. Moscow: Moscow State Univ., 1978, issue 4, pp. 62–70.
5. Ellenberg H. Vegetation Mitteleuropas mit den Alpen. Stuttgart: Ulmer, 1986, 989 S.
6. Ferenc N., Khomyn I. Zapovidna sprava v Ukrayini, 2008, 14(1): 28–31.
7. Hlinska S., Skoroplyas I. Vikovyi spektr populyatsii Cypripedium calceolus na terytorii Kremenetskoho horbohirya. In: Biolohichni doslidzhennya molodykh uchennykh v Ukraini: mat. VIII Vseukr. nauk. konf. Kyiv, 2008, pp. 20–23.
8. Khomyak I., Didukh Ya. Ukr. Bot. J., 2009, 66(6): 820–824.
9. Konishchuk V. Ukr. Bot. J., 2003, 60(3): 264–271.
10. Kovalchuk S., Klots O. Ukr. Bot. J., 1987, 44(2): 81–82.
11. Krasnaya kniga Respubliki Krym. Rasteniya, vodorosli i griby. Eds A. Ena, A. Fateryga, Simferopol: ARYAL, 2015, 480 pp. (The list has no legal status in Ukraine).
12. Kulczyński S., Motyka J. Zespoły leśne i stepowe w okolicach Łysej Góry koło Złoczowa. Kosmos. Ser. A, 1936, 61: 187–217.
13. Kull T. Biological Flora of the British Isles. Cypripedium calceolus L. J. Ecology, 1999, 87: 913–924. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00407.x
14. Lyubchenko V. Ukr. Bot. J., 1980, 37(1): 95–96.
15. Melnik V. Redkie vidy flory ravninnykh lesov Ukrainy. Kiev: Fitosociocentr, 2000, 212 pp.
16. Melnik V., Savchuk R., Batochenko V. Bot. J., 2001, 86(8): 112–119.
17. Melnyk V., Korinko O. Bukovi lisy Podilskoi vysochyny. Kyiv: Fitosociocentr, 2005, 152 pp.
18. Melnyk V., Logvynenko I. Ukr. Bot. J., 2013, 70(6): 788–791.
19. Melnyk V., Rak O., Popruga V. Ridkisni vydy sudynnykh roslyn urochyshcha Pushkarivske. In: Materialy VI Mizhnarodnoi naukovoi konferentsii molodykh doslidnykiv. Kryvyj Rig: Abetka, 2006, pp. 59–61.
20. Melnyk V., Shynder O., Nesyn Yu. Ukr. Bot. J., 2018, 75(1): 20–32. https://doi.org/10.15407/ukrbotj75.01.020
21. Mosyakin S., Fedoronchuk M. Vascular plants of Ukraine. A nomenclatural checklist. Kyiv, 1999, xxiii+345 pp.
22. Motyka J. Rozmieszczenie i ekologia roślin naszyniowych na północnej krawedzi zachodniego Podola. Ann. Uniw. Marie-Sklod. Sec. C, 1947, 2: 121–129.
23. Ontogenez i vozrastnoy sostav populyatsiy tsvetkovykh rasteniy. Ed. A.A. Uranov, Moscow: Nauka, 1967, 155 pp.
24. Polevaja geobotanica (Field geobotany). Leningrad: Nauka, 1959–1976, vols 1–5.
25. Pryadko O. Ukr. Bot. J., 1982, 39(5): 93–96.
26. Ralo V. Miscezrostannja ridkisnyh vydiv roslyn na Verhobuzkomu pasmi (Pivnichno-Zahidne Podillja). In: Naukovi osnovy zberezhennya biotychnoi riznomanitnosti. Lviv: Liga-Press, 2003, vol. 4, pp. 95–102.
27. Ralo V. Roslynnyi pokryv Verkhobuzkoho horbohirnoho pasma, 2012.
28. Reshetyuk O. Osoblyvosti dynamiky rozvytku populyatsiy Cypripedium calceolus L. (Orchidaceae) u flori Bukovyny. In: Roslynnyi svit u Chervoniy knyzi Ukrainy: vprovadzhennya Hlobalnoi stratehii zberezhennya roslyn. Kyiv: Palyvoda A., 2010, pp. 175–178.
29. Reshetyuk O. Zozulyni cherevychky (Cypripedium L.). Lutsk: Tverdynja, 2008, 156 pp.
30. Synko B., Rakov V. In: Okhrana i kultivirovanie orkhidey, Harkov, 2003, pp. 45–47.
31. Terschuren J. Plan d'action en faveur de Cypripedium calceolus en Europe. Bruxelles: Ed. Conseil de l'Europe, 1999, 67 pp.
32. Tkachyk V., Behen I. Nauk. Visnyk Ukr. DLTU, 2004, 14.8: 351–355.
33. Tokaryuk A., Chorney I. Introduktsiya roslyn, 2009, 2: 14–19.
34. Vorobyov Je. Zvit pro polyove doslidzhennya. Sestrynivska dacha: Manuscript. Kyiv, 2014, 5 pp.
35. Zahulskyi M. Khorolohiya, struktura populyatsiy ta okhorona orkhidnykh (Orchidaceae) zakhidnykh rehioniv Ukrainy: Cand. Sci. Diss. Abstract. Lviv, 1994, 26 pp.