Pollen morphology of three species of the genus Sambucus represented in the flora of Ukraine was studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen grains of the studied species are 3-colporate; prolate, spheroidal or oblate-spheroidal in shape; small- and medium-sized. Their outline in equatorial view is elliptical or circular, in polar view 3-lobed or slightly 3-lobed. Colpi are long, occasionally of medium length, with pointed and sometimes rounded ends. Pores are indistinct, covered by margins of colpi, or sometimes distinct. Sculpture exine macroreticulate (S. ebulus) and microreticulate (S. racemosa and S. nigra). Data on participation of pollen grains of Sambucus sp. and S. nigra in palynofloras of the Holocene deposits in 14 basic profiles and 19 archaeological sites in the plain part of Ukraine are analyzed and summarized. Spatiotemporal differentiation of distribution of pollen of Sambucus sp. and S. nigra in the non-montane part of Ukraine during the Holocene has been revealed. It has been shown that the diagnostic characters of pollen grains can be used for more accurate identification of fossil pollen of Sambucus to the species level (in the cases of its good preservation) for pollen analysis of sediments of the Upper Cenozoic of Ukraine and adjacent areas.

Keywords: Sambucus, pollen grains, morphology, diagnostic characters, spore-pollen analysis, Ukraine, palynofloras

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