The ITS2 secondary structure of the moss Aulacomnium arenopaludosum Boiko (defined by sequential gathering of helixes H1-H4) was studied. The anatomical, morphological structure and molecular genetic structure of A. arenopaludosum was compared with those of other members of the genus Aulacomnium (A. androgynum, A. palustre, A. palustre subsp. imbricatum). Aulacomnium arenopaludosum as a separate species due to complex of anatomical, morphological, ecological and biological characteristics has many differences from the compared taxa of Aulacomnium. Molecular genetic data obtained as a result of reconstruction of ITS2 secondary structure of different species of Aulacomnium confirm that Aulacomnium arenopaludosum is a separate species. It differs from A. palustre in the presence of 2 semi-compensatory changes and 4 indels in "stems" and loops; from A. palustre subsp. imbricatum – in the presence of one semi-compensatory change and of 5 nucleotide changes in the "stems" and loops; from A. androgynum – in the presence of 3 compensatory changes, 4 semi-compensatory changes and 6 indels in "stems" and loops.

Keywords: Aulacomnium arenopaludosum, moss, secondary structure ITS2, helixes H1-H4

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