Results of various approaches to study of phylogeny of charophytes and their probable phylogenetic affinity with some taxonomic groups of vascular plants are analyzed. The data on phylogenetic reconstruction of this group and some peculiarities of its phylogenesis and evolution are based on the results of molecular biological studies. The issues of forming multicellularity and gravitropism of charophytic algae as well as the significance of these processes for the origin of land plants are discussed. It is demonstrated the differences in perceptions regarding phylogenetic relationships of different representatives of Charophyta on molecular-genetic data with classical morphological and cytological characteristics as well as the ambiguity in dealing with issues on relationships within this group of plants. Information of modern ideas on the importance and Chatophyta place in establishing the kingdom of plants and their ancestral forms and relationships with other taxa are summarized. Results of paleontological research of charophytes are discussed and history of taxonomic groups of Charales is analyzed.

Keywords: charophytic algae, streptophytic line of evolution, phylogenesis, gravitropism, multicellularity, paleontological research

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