The spectra of morphological features of the inflorescence and the flower of plants of three closely related families: Capparaceae, Cleomaceae and Brassicaceae s. str. or Brassicaceae s. l. (alternative view) are investigated. The main attention is paid to the following features of inflorescence: type, branching pattern, the number of flowers in one inflorescence, and the presence (absence) of the bracts. For analyzing the structure of the flower were used mostly features such as: symmetry type of flower, shape, growth pattern and duration of the sepals, shape, size and features of the petals, the structural features of the receptacle and nectaries, androecium construction, structure and features of the gynoecium, and the character of flowering and pollination of the flowers. It was established that in all three families observed the same type inflorescence – raceme. The main directions evolutionary transformation of the raceme of Brassicaceae s. l. were reduction to one flower on one hand, and polymerization (increased number of the flowers in an inflorescence), – on the other. Both modus morphological changes of the raceme observed in Cleomaceae as well as in Brassicaceae s. str. It is supposed that the depletion of the raceme is the result of adaptation of plants to arid and cryophilic conditions of existence. The development of intercalary and bracteate raceme – very typical for Cleomaceae and rare in the Brassicaceae s. str., in the study group of families is probably of secondary origin. Can assume that in the process of evolution the plasticity of the structural elements of the flowers decreased and occurred their oligomerization, which resulted in the unification of morphological features, the most expressive in the Brassicaceae s. str. Different course of the blooming across of the day (predominantly at night in Capparaceae, mostly during the day in Brassicaceae s. str. and at various times of the day in Cleomaceae) is caused by, probably, need of the specific temperature conditions and humidity, as well as adaptation to one or the other pollinators. For Brassicaceae s. l. the most typical are three ways of pollination: a cross, the combined and self-pollination. Cross-pollination in each of the three families is achieved by the development of various structural elements of the flower: in the Caper family and Cleomaceae it is ensures by forming ginofor, androfor or androginofor, and cruciferous – by development of the long stylus of the ovary.

Keywords: Capparaceae, Cleomaceae, Brassicaceae, morphology, inflorescence, flower, flowering, pollination

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