The history of the formation and development of our knowledge about the phylogenetic relationships within the class Myxogastrea is described, revealing the fact that the studies based on the use of different genetic markers have confirmed the division of Myxogastrea into two major clades, Lucisporidia and Columellidia. The structure of the evolutionary relationships within the group does not correspond to the traditional five orders system of the Myxogastrea and stimulate a reappraisal of their classification. Based on the literature and our own phylogenetic studies, we propose a pilot version of the phylogenetic system of the myxomycetes, which has the following structure: Columellidia: Echinostelianae: Echinosteliales (Echinosteliaceae, Clastodermataceae); Stemonitianae: Meridermatales (Meridermataceae), Stemonitales (Stemonitaceae, Comatrichaceae), Lamprodermatales (Lamprodermataceae, Physaraceae, Kelleromyxaceae, Didymiaceae). Lucisporidia: Cribrarianae: Cribrariales (Cribrariaceae), Trichianae: Reticulariales (Reticulariaceae), Liceales (Liceaceae), Trichiales (Dianemataceae, Trichiaceae).

Keywords: 18S rDNA, 5’-domain, Amoebozoa, EF-1α, ITS-1, molecular phylogeny

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